[Advaita-l] Meditation

[Sriram Krishnamurthy]

*Meditation*

Meditation is one of the spiritual disciplines which occupies an important
position in most of the spiritual traditions. Therefore, a proper
understanding of its role is necessary for every spiritual seeker.
Now-a-days, Meditation is recommended for physical and mental health,
personality development and better performance also. Hence, a clear
understanding of meditation is useful for all, whether one seeks spiritual
enlightenment or not.

The Upanisads vedanta point out that Self-Knowledge is the only means of
liberation and that Self-enquiry guided by the Vedantic teachings is the
only means of Self-Knowledge. So, Self-enquiry occupies primary position for
a spiritual seeker.

Meditation is prescribed neither for Self-knowledge nor for liberation. It
is meant for preparing the mind to receive and assimilate the vedantic
teachings. Accordingly, Meditation can be broadly classified into two types,
VIZ., Preparatory meditation, which is to be practised before one exposes
oneself to vedantic teaching and Assimilatory meditation which is to be
practised after one exposes oneself to systematic vedantic teaching
consistently for a length of time.

One has to develop different mental faculties to receive the Self knowledge.
Accordingly, Preparatory meditation can be subdivided into four types. This
is based on the faculty to be developed.

*Preparatory Meditations*

*(1) Relaxation - meditation*

In this, you learn to relax at all levels. In any posture consciously relax
every part of the body from head to toe. When the body is totally relaxed,
you feel bodiless. Then, observe the breathing. This will help in making the
breathing-process smooth and even. Next, relax the mind. The following
methods can be used to relax the mind:

   - Imagine you are seated in a natural setup like beach, garden,
   mountain, riverbank or Asram.
   - Consciously unload all your mental burden at the feet of the Lord(in
   the form of your favorite deity) (Ista-devata).
   - Repeat to yourself: "I am confident of facing any situation in life,
   now that the Lord is there to share my burden. I have no worries now. I am
   relaxed. Use any key word like "Santih" to invoke and enjoy the relaxation,
   ignoring all other thoughts.

*(2) Concentration - Meditation*

While the previous meditation is for simple, deep relaxation, this
meditation is to develop the faculty of focussing.

The following methods can be used to develop this faculty:

   - Perform a Puja to the Lord mentally. It can be a simple one offering
   a few flowers or an elaborate one involving ritualistic steps.
   Alternatively, you can visualise a Puja done by another person in a temple,
   Asram etc.
   - Mentally chant the prayers you know in any language. Be conscious of
   you chanting.
   - Mentally repeat any one name of the Lord or the words "Om Santih".
   Be conscious of every letter.

*(3) Expansion - Mediation*

All the time, being obsessed with personal or family life, one develops a
narrow, frog-in-the-well mind. To break this, one has to meditate on the
totality which expands the mind and makes the individual and family problems
insignificant. Try the following:

   - Mentally see the sky, stars, moon, earth, oceans, mountains, etc.
   - Appreciate the cosmic processes of sunrise, sunset, planetary
   movements, flow of rivers, flight of birds, etc.
   - In short, tune yourself to the natural rhythm, the cosmic orchestra.
   Learn to enjoy the cosmic dance of the cosmic Lord.

*(4) Value - Meditation*

This meditation is very important. This will help in internalising the
values. This will bring about a transform in transactional life.

   - Take up any value like confidence, patience, compassion, etc.
   Mentally see how important they are for a life of peace and progress. Bring
   to your mind any person who enjoys that particular value and appreciate
   him/her.
   - Take the opposite trait like diffidence, irritation, rudeness, etc.
   Mentally see how they spoil the peace of yourself and others around.
   - Look at yourself as one endowed with that particular value.
   - The above four types of meditation can be practised by anyone. One
   need not be a seeker of spiritual enlightenment for practising these. These
   meditations will bring about a deep transformation is one's personality
   which will give inner peace. Peace does not depend on what one has but on
   what one is.

*(5) Assimilatory (Vedantic) Meditation*

The seeker of spiritual enlightenment should not stop with the practise of
the above mentioned meditations. Self-enquiry with the help of a Guru and
the scriptures is a must. Consistent and systematic study of scriptures for
a length of time under the guidance of a traditional master will lead to
Self-discovery. To assimilate and own up this wisdom, one has to practise
Vedantic meditation as follows:

   - Mentally dwell on the Truth of yourself as revealed by the
   scriptural teachings.
   - Mentally dwell on the Truth of the lord as revealed in the
   scriptures.
   - Mentally dwell upon the nature of the world to which your own body
   and mind belong.

*Obstacles and Remedies*

*(1) Sleep*

This is the most common obstacle. One need not feel guilty about it. The
solution to this will vary from individual to individual. Some general
methods can be tried by all:

   - Meditate after a bath or atleast after washing the hands, feet and
   face with cold water.
   - Meditate when the stomach is neither too full nor too empty.
   - Choose any part of the day when you are alert.
   - Give a strong autosuggestion, "I will be alert".
   - Don't meditate after tiring activity.
   - Don't meditate when there is a backlog of sleep.
   - Have short sessions of 15 to 20 minutes only initially.

*(2) Distraction*

This is the second common obstacle. One need not feel guilty about it. The
following methods can be adopted to avoid this.

   - Learn more and more and more about meditation and its value. Mind
   enjoys doing what it values.
   - Reduce your likes and dislikes which are the root cause of
   disturbance and distractions
   - Give up all anxieties by taking Lord as your partner in life.
   - Give a strong autosuggestion, "I-have an appointment with myself.
   Let me die to all my wordly roles".

*(3) Dullness*

Sometimes the mind becomes dull. It is neither asleep nor restless. It this
happens, nothing can be done. One has to hope and wait for clearance.
However, one can try to avoid this situation by the following methods:

   - Don't have suppressed feelings (which will create a loaded
   unconscious). Share your feelings with someone.
   - Write your feelings (and tear-off the paper if you don't want to
   keep it).
   - Express your feelings openly to the Lord, your Istadevata.

*(4) Tasting the Tranquility*

The withdrawal and quietitude in meditation create a sense of wellbeing.
Many mistake this temporary experience of well-being as spiritual
fulfillment and tend to enjoy it more and more. This is the subtlest form of
obstacles. This can be solved only by applying Vedantic discrimination
properly.

*Conclusion* Everyone can practise the first four forms of meditation. It
will be very useful whatever be one's field of activity. If one is a
spiritual seeker, they become all the more important. One does not require
any special initiation to practise these four forms of meditation.

Source : Swami Paramarthananda

*Om Tat Sat*