[Advaita-l] to be and to have in Sanskrit

[Anand Hudli]

There are several ways in which the sense of "to have" is expressed in 
Sanskrit. Some of the taddhita affixes are used to convey the sense of "to 
have".

matup.h affix - Examples: shrIH vidyate asya (asyAH) iti "shrImAn.h" 
(shrImatI), dhanuH vidyate asya (asyAH) iti "dhanuShmAn.h" (dhanuShmatI), 
dhanaM asya (asyAH) iti "dhanavAn.h" (dhanavatI), vidyA asya (asyAH) asti 
iti "vidyAvAn.h" (vidyAvatI), jnAnam vidyate asya (asyAH) iti "jnAnavAn.h" 
(jnAnavatI).

in.h affix - Examples: dhanaM asya asti iti "dhanI", guNaH asya asti iti 
"guNI", vivekaH asya asti iti "vivekI".

vin.h affix - Examples: yashaH asya asti iti "yashasvin.h", tejaH asya asti 
iti "tejasvin.h", medhA asya asti iti "medhAvin.h"

Alu affix - Examples: kR^ipA asya asti iti "kR^ipAluH", karuNA asya asti iti 
"karuNAluH", hR^idayaM vidyate asya iti "hR^idayAluH"

aN.h affix - Examples: indrasya idaM "aindram.h", jyotiShaH idam 
"jyautiSham.h" , shaN^karasya idaM "shAN^karam.h"

iy.h affix- Examples: mama idaM "madIyam.h", bhAratasya idaM "bhAratIyam.h"

Also, compound words also describe the possession relationship, for example 
in bahuvrIhi compounds. Examples: pItaM aMbaraM yasya saH - "pItAmbaraH" 
(kR^iShNaH), similarly chakrapANiH, gadAdharaH, etc.

The possessive case (sixth vibhakti) is a simple device employed to convey 
possession.

Anand

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