[Advaita-l] 'khsha' kAra in yajurveda saMhita maNtra-s

[V Subrahmanian]

I have with me a 'कृष्णयजुर्वेदीय तैत्तिरीयसंहिता’ (युधिष्ठिरमीमांसकः,
बहाल्गढ, सोनेपत- हरयाणा). तत्र ’प्रकाशकीयम्’ इत्यत्र इदं दृश्यते -

The editor has said that there are differences in rendering the veda by
people of Maharashtra (M) and the Southern (dAkShiNAtya) states (D ) and
gives a few examples from the taittiriya samhitA:

1.1.1 M.   ayakShmAH        D.  ayakhShmAH
1.2.2         RksAmayoH             RkhsAmayoH
6.6.11        yatShoDashI            yathShoDashI
5.5.7          samvatsareNa         samvathsareNa
1.1.9           virapshin                  viraphshin
3.4.7          apsarasaH                aphsarasaH

From the illustrations one can see that the D (southern recension) is what
is having the harsh sounds replaced for the soft ones of the Maharashtra
recension.

I am not providing the translation of the editor's note here.

तैत्तिरीयशाखाया महाराष्ट्रप्रदेशे दक्षिणापथे च यदध्ययनमध्यापनं प्रचरति,
तत्र केचन नियमिबद्धाः पाठभेदा उपलभ्यन्ते ।...अस्याः संहिताया एकं कञ्चन पाठं
प्राधान्येनोररीकृत्य अपरपाठे वर्तमानानां विशिष्टानां पाठानां टिप्पण्यां
...एकेन पुस्तकेन ....उभयविधपाठयोश्च तुलनात्मके समीक्षणे सौकर्यं भवति ।

He has also remarked that sha-Sha-sa vyanjanas also undergo some changes
which are authorized by taittiriya prAtishAkhya 14.11-13.  In the same vein
pANinIya system too through the 'chayo dvitiyAH shari pauShkarAsAdeH 8.4.48
there is concurrence to the rule.

  *महाराष्ट्रियकदाक्षिणात्यपाठयोः पाठभेदानां निदर्शनम् *- (अत्र
किञ्चित्प्रदर्श्य) ’एवं क्वचिदनुदात्तस्वराङ्कने, अनुवाके
चावान्तरविभागस्यान्त्यवर्णस्योत्तरविभागादाद्यवर्णेन सह
सन्धिभावाभावयोर्वैशिष्ट्यमुपलभ्यते, तत्सर्वं यथासम्प्रदायमेव विज्ञातव्यम् ।
इति ।

regards
subrahmanian.v


On Thu, Aug 29, 2013 at 5:09 AM, D.V.N.Sarma డి.వి.ఎన్.శర్మ <
dvnsarma at gmail.com> wrote:

> A very good explanation quoting the relevant prAtiSAkhya rules.
>
> Vedas existed in the oral form for thousands of years
> before they were committed to writing. The final arbiter is the
> reciter not the printed book.
>
> regards,
> Sarma.
>
>
> On Wed, Aug 28, 2013 at 9:27 PM, Vidyasankar Sundaresan <
> svidyasankar at hotmail.com> wrote:
>
> > One general note of advice on this count. veda is Sruti, so give priority
> > to the sound
> > as heard, not to the written representation of it. The latter changes
> with
> > time, with
> > script convention and with people's personal preferences. The former,
> > thankfully,
> > has been preserved well by careful reciters, even till today, as can be
> > seen when we
> > compare with old Siksha and prAtiSAkhya rules.
> >
> >
> >
> > ksha-kAra is not an independent sound by itself, although it has a
> > separate sign in
> > the script. It is a conjunct consonant, involving k- followed by -sha.
> > Note, Sa, sha and
> > sa are the Ushma sounds (sibilant/spirant). There is a rule in the
> > taittirIya prAtiSAkhya
> > that says, "prathama Ushmaparo dvitIyam" - i.e. when the first sound in a
> > consonant
> > varga is followed by a sibilant, it gets transformed to the second second
> > in that varga.
> > That is why, the sound should be pronounced as if it is kh-sh, not as
> > k-sh. Nowadays,
> > in order to highlight the correct pronunciation for those who read the
> > written word,
> > many opt to explicitly write/print it as such, avoiding the usual letter
> > for ksha.
> >
> >
> >
> > Note that the above rule will apply in situations like the following:
> >
> >
> >
> > apsu (in the waters) is uttered as aph-su,
> >
> > gRtsa (clever, sharp) is uttered as gRth-sa
> >
> > kRtsna (entire, whole) is uttered as kRth-s-na
> >
> >
> >
> > So you will see printed versions such as "namo namo gRthsebhyo
> > gRthsapatibhyaSca
> > vo", "namaH kRthsnavItAya dhAvate", "SIkhshAM vyAkhyAsyAmaH" etc.
> >
> >
> >
> > The prAtiSAkhya also lists exceptions to the above rule and provides a
> > list of cases
> > where some AcAryas of old held that the rule does not apply, so one can
> > expect that
> > there was a bit of variation in the pronunciation from ancient times.
> >
> >
> >
> > Vidyasankar
> >
> >
> > > To: advaitin at yahoogroups.com; advaita-l at lists.advaita-vedanta.org
> > > From: bhaskar.yr at in.abb.com
> > > Date: Wed, 28 Aug 2013 10:43:24 +0530
> > > Subject: [Advaita-l] 'khsha' kAra in yajurveda saMhita maNtra-s
> > >
> > > praNAms
> > > Hare Krishna
> > >
> > > In the saMhita maNtra-s (taitereeya krishna yajurveda) we find words
> like
> > > dikhshu, khshetra, chakhshu etc. ( pls. note the mahAprANa 'kha' in
> these
> > > words, example: khshetrasya patina vayaguM hiteneva jayAmasi etc. ) but
> > as
> > > we all know normally these words have only 'ka' (alpa prANa
> 'ka')..kindly
> > > let me know which is the way of correct pronunciation while chanting
> > > saMhita maNtra-s?? AFAIK, there is no word that has 'khsha' in Sanskrit
> > > normal usage, we have only words like kshetra, dikshu, chakshu etc.
> with
> > > alpaprANa 'ka' only. Kindly give some more details on the usage of
> > > 'khsha' (mahA prANa) in veda maNtra-s.
> > >
> > > Hari Hari Hari Bol!!!
> > > bhaskar
> > >
> > > PS: My special request to Sri Ramakrishna Balasubramanian prabhuji and
> > > Sri Ananda Hudli prabhuji who have studied their respective veda shAkha
> > > saMhita bhAga.
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Archives: http://lists.advaita-vedanta.org/archives/advaita-l/
> > > http://blog.gmane.org/gmane.culture.religion.advaita
> > >
> > > To unsubscribe or change your options:
> > > http://lists.advaita-vedanta.org/cgi-bin/listinfo/advaita-l
> > >
> > > For assistance, contact:
> > > listmaster at advaita-vedanta.org
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Archives: http://lists.advaita-vedanta.org/archives/advaita-l/
> > http://blog.gmane.org/gmane.culture.religion.advaita
> >
> > To unsubscribe or change your options:
> > http://lists.advaita-vedanta.org/cgi-bin/listinfo/advaita-l
> >
> > For assistance, contact:
> > listmaster at advaita-vedanta.org
> >
> _______________________________________________
> Archives: http://lists.advaita-vedanta.org/archives/advaita-l/
> http://blog.gmane.org/gmane.culture.religion.advaita
>
> To unsubscribe or change your options:
> http://lists.advaita-vedanta.org/cgi-bin/listinfo/advaita-l
>
> For assistance, contact:
> listmaster at advaita-vedanta.org
>